In the background, numerous protocols ensure that communication and data transmission work in computer networks. As the most prominent representative, the Internet Protocol plays a fundamental role. Without its’ various extensions and additions they would be nowhere near as versatile, as is the case in the current protocol. Thanks to the possibilities offered by ICMP protocol error messages and...
The compact Arduino microcontroller is an essential component for electronic hobbyists and has shaped the global maker movement. Here we introduce the best Arduino project ideas for beginners, instructive tutorials for advanced makers, incredible professional Arduino Nano projects, as well as Arduino Uno projects. For over a decade, technology enthusiasts around the world have been inspired by...
The duel between Linux and Windows may have an obvious victor on the home computer front, but the battle for server use paints a very different picture: since the beginning, Linux has bested Windows, as usage figures show. But many users remain unconvinced by statistics and rightfully ask the question: what are the actual differences between the two platforms?
Raspberry Pi is an inexpensive small form factor PC that can behave like a standard computer in many respects. Users can use this innovative mini-computer for all kinds of functions, from setting up an operating system to surfing the web, to using it as a server or a media center, and much more besides. Discover 17 interesting Raspberry Pi projects to try out at home.
Without the Domain Name System, users of the World Wide Web would have serious problems when trying to load websites and other online presences. It’s only thanks to this system that internet addresses appear in their trusted text format: they’re actually nothing more than combinations of numbers. The communication between browser and name server responsible for this isn’t actually as secure as you...
What do you need a localhost for? Sometimes it can be useful to communicate with yourself. This is known as a loopback in network technology: instead of feeding a request to the network – e.g. the internet – you instead keep it within your system, subsequently stimulating a network connection. We will explain how the connection to 127.0.0.1 works, and what you can use localhost for.
The central monitoring and managing of network devices such as routers, switches, or firewalls is often carried out using the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). Both snmpwalk and snmpget tools use SNMP messages, for example, to retrieve data sets of selected network participants. In our SNMP tutorial, we show what these two command line tools can do and how data retrieval works.
The internet – just like other large networks – must be precisely subdivided. The network classes, used until the 1990s and not yet completely gone from the scene, were far too inflexible for the requirements of the digital world. CIDR can help: With classless inter-domain routing, it’s possible to create effective subnets and routes. We explain how this works.
When you call up a website, the entered domain first needs to be turned into an IP address and read out from the browser so that the page can finally appear in the browser. This process is known as name resolution. Here, the root name server or (DNS) root server in the domain name system plays a key role. But what is a root server? And what exactly goes on when they receive requests for...
Every day we work with text on PCs, smartphones, tablets and other computer equipment using our keyboards. We expect letters, numbers, and characters to appear on the monitor before us. The fact is that there is a decades-old coding system behind this everyday function. Since the 1960s, ASCII has determined how computers interpret our input. We have prepared a practical ASCII table to help you...
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