Pro forma invoice
Pro forma invoice
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Anyone exporting goods must properly declare them for customs assessment. Whether the goods clear customs or not depends on this invoice. Sample shipments, gifts, or spare part deliveries within the warranty period are usually not invoiced to the recipient. However, you still have to issue a pro forma invoice. We explain what the invoice is all about.

Pro forma invoice
Profitability forecast
Profitability forecast – how to determine your company’s chances of success
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The profitability forecast is part of the business plan and gives you and your investors an overview of your business ideas’ viability. Using an example scenario, we will show you how to prepare and objectively evaluate the profitability forecast. Nothing can stand in the way of your business success with proper financial planning.

Profitability forecast – how to determine your company’s chances of success
What is Net Present Value?
Net Present Value: This is how you determine your investment’s net present value
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How profitable is your investment? Net present value provides you with an answer to this question. You calculate it within the framework of a dynamic investment calculation method by discounting the surplus that is generated by the investment. We’ll explain how this actually works with the help of a step-by-step practical example.

Net Present Value: This is how you determine your investment’s net present value
EBIT margin
EBIT margin: how profitable is your business?
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You can use the EBIT margin to measure how profitable your business is and compare it with other companies. Unlike profit margins, taxes and returns don’t interfere with comparability in the EBIT margin. That’s why it’s an ideal value for international comparisons. It's also useful for comparing sectors. We explain how you can calculate the EBIT margin.

EBIT margin: how profitable is your business?
Tax consultancy costs
Tax consultant costs: How much does a tax consultant cost?
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What does a tax consultant cost? The question arises quickly when the tax return is due or an external audit is imminent. In view of the complex tax-relevant circumstances, professional support is the logical consequence for many. To ensure that there is a happy ending when an invoice arrives at your house, you should first have an understanding of tax consultancy costs.

Tax consultant costs: How much does a tax consultant cost?
Calculating depreciation
Three examples for calculating depreciation
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For every entrepreneur, calculating depreciation is an important task. But we must ask ourselves how the calculation of depreciation actually works, and what to look out for during the calculation process. These and many other questions will be answered with the aid of three examples, which will also clarify various depreciation methods and delineate the difference between imputed costs and other...

Three examples for calculating depreciation
Profit and loss accounts
What is a P&L account?
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In order to properly finalize an annual financial statement, most corporations must include a profit and loss (P&L) account, which, as its name already suggests, breaks down their profits and losses for a given financial year. However, we must ask what a P&L statement should really look like. We explain the procedure surrounding P&L statements so that you stay on top of all laws, methods, and...

What is a P&L account?
EBIT
EBIT: The operating result
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It is important to have an idea of your own company’s profitability. But looking only at the annual profit is often misleading. When it comes to EBIT, the annual net profit for income and expenses is adjusted through interest and taxes. This results in the so-called “operating result” – the key figure for success in normal business operations. We explain what EBIT is and how it is calculated.

EBIT: The operating result
Corporate Social Responsibility
What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
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Companies have a responsibility towards their employees, the community, and the environemnt. The larger the company is, the more it penetrates into all areas of our lives and should therefore behave responsibly. The ethical focus of a company is known as its corporate social responsibility (CSR). It is not only an internal direction or corporate philosophy that dictates this – the company’s impact...

What is corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
Accruals in accounting: the facts
Accruals and provisions made simple
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Unfortunately, when doing your annual accounts, it’s not always possible to know how much your operating expenses will be in advance. Because of this, you should always allocate a portion of your income for provisions and accruals. This way, you can avoid financial risks. But what do these terms mean, and how should they be recorded on your company’s balance sheet? This handy guide provides...

Accruals and provisions made simple

Grow Your Business

A solid business growth strategy is paramount for any business owner. This category focuses on all the aspects that follow the establishment of a company; from business strategy and growth, to recruitment, bookkeeping, and taxes.