Every website has a unique web address with a top-level domain (TLD). Country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) indicate a specific country or region, such as the .ie domain for Ireland or .eu for the European Union.

ICANN, through its IANA function, oversees the delegation of ccTLDs based on the ISO 3166-1 standard, while registration and administration are handled by the relevant national Network Information Center (NIC). In Ireland, the .ie domain is administered by IE Domain Registry (IEDR), a company limited by guarantee based in County Dublin. Worldwide, there are around 250 country-specific domain extensions based on ISO 3166-1, which are listed in the top-level domain list below.

Country-specific top level domain list (ccTLD overview)

All country-specific domain extensions are listed below. The table shows which countries or territories they belong to and whether the respective ccTLD supports DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions). DNSSEC standards help protect the Domain Name System from manipulation, such as forged DNS responses that redirect users to fraudulent websites.

The final column shows whether internet addresses registered under the respective ccTLD can use an internationalised domain name. In addition to Latin characters, these can include letters from other alphabets as well as umlauts or diacritical marks in the second-level domain, meaning the website name before the country-specific top-level domain.

ccTLD Country (or region) DNSSEC IDN
.ac Ascension Yes Yes
.ad Andorra Yes Yes
.ae United Arab Emirates No No
.af Afghanistan Yes No
.ag Antigua and Barbuda Yes No
.ai Anguilla Yes No
.al Albania Yes No
.am Armenia Yes No
.an Netherlands Antilles (deleted – constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, dissolved in 2010; ccTLD removed in 2015) No No
.ao Angola No No
.aq Antarctica No No
.ar Argentina Yes Yes
.as American Samoa Yes Yes
.at Austria Yes Yes
.au Australia Yes No
.aw Aruba Yes No
.ax Åland (before 2006: .aland.fi) Yes No
.az Azerbaijan Yes No
.ba Bosnia and Herzegovina No No
.bb Barbados No No
.bd Bangladesh Yes Yes
.be Belgium Yes Yes
.bf Burkina Faso Yes No
.bg Bulgaria Yes Yes
.bh Bahrain Yes No
.bi Burundi Yes No
.bj Benin Yes No
.bl Saint Barthélemy (not delegated) No No
.bm Bermuda Yes No
.bn Brunei Yes No
.bo Bolivia No Yes
.br Brazil Yes Yes
.bq Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius (not delegated) No No
.bs Bahamas No No
.bt Bhutan Yes No
.bv Bouvet Island (not open for registration) Yes No
.bw Botswana Yes No
.by Belarus Yes No
.bz Belize Yes No
.ca Canada Yes Yes
.cc Cocos Islands Yes Yes
.cd Democratic Republic of the Congo No No
.cf Central African Republic No No
.cg Republic of the Congo No No
.ch Switzerland Yes Yes
.ci Ivory Coast Yes No
.ck Cook Islands No No
.cl Chile Yes Yes
.cm Cameroon Yes No
.cn People’s Republic of China Yes Yes
.co Colombia Yes Yes
.cr Costa Rica Yes No
.cs Czechoslovakia (now deleted) No No
.cu Cuba No No
.cv Cape Verde No No
.cw Curaçao No No
.cx Christmas Island Yes No
.cy Cyprus Yes No
.cz Czech Republic Yes No
.dd German Democratic Republic (was never activated) No No
.de Germany Yes Yes
.dj Djibouti Yes No
.dk Denmark Yes Yes
.dm Dominica Yes No
.do Dominican Republic No No
.dz Algeria Yes No
.ec Ecuador Yes No
.ee Estonia Yes Yes
.eg Egypt No No
.eh Western Sahara (not delegated; disputed territory) No No
.er Eritrea Yes No
.es Spain Yes Yes
.et Ethiopia Yes No
.eu European Union Yes Yes
.fi Finland Yes Yes
.fj Fiji Yes No
.fk Falkland Islands No No
.fm Micronesia Yes No
.fo Faroe Islands Yes No
.fr France Yes Yes
.ga Gabon Yes No
.gb United Kingdom (reserved, not open for new registrations; .uk is used instead) No No
.gd Grenada Yes No
.ge Georgia Yes No
.gf French Guiana No No
.gg Guernsey Yes No
.gh Ghana No No
.gi Gibraltar Yes No
.gl Greenland Yes No
.gm Gambia No No
.gn Guinea Yes No
.gp Guadeloupe No No
.gq Equatorial Guinea No No
.gr Greece Yes Yes
.gs South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Yes No
.gt Guatemala No Yes
.gu Guam No No
.gw Guinea-Bissau Yes Yes
.gy Guyana Yes No
.hk Hong Kong Yes Yes
.hm Heard Island and McDonald Islands No No
.hn Honduras Yes No
.hr Croatia Yes No
.ht Haiti Yes Yes
.hu Hungary Yes Yes
.id Indonesia Yes Yes
.ie Ireland Yes Yes
.il Israel Yes Yes
.im Isle of Man No No
.in India Yes No
.io British Indian Ocean Territory Yes No
.iq Iraq No No
.ir Iran Yes Yes
.is Iceland Yes Yes
.it Italy Yes Yes
.je Jersey Yes No
.jm Jamaica No No
.jo Jordan No No
.jp Japan Yes Yes
.ke Kenya Yes No
.kg Kyrgyzstan Yes No
.kh Cambodia No No
.ki Kiribati Yes No
.km Comoros No No
.kn St. Kitts and Nevis No No
.kp North Korea No No
.kr South Korea Yes Yes
.kw Kuwait Yes No
.ky Cayman Islands Yes No
.kz Kazakhstan Yes No
.la Laos Yes Yes
.lb Lebanon Yes No
.lc St. Lucia Yes No
.li Liechtenstein Yes Yes
.lk Sri Lanka Yes Yes
.lr Liberia Yes No
.ls Lesotho Yes No
.lt Lithuania Yes Yes
.lu Luxembourg Yes Yes
.lv Latvia Yes Yes
.ly Libya Yes No
.ma Morocco Yes Yes
.mc Monaco Yes No
.md Moldova Yes No
.me Montenegro Yes No
.mf Saint Martin (French part; not delegated) No No
.mg Madagascar Yes No
.mh Marshall Islands No No
.mk North Macedonia No No
.ml Mali Yes No
.mm Myanmar Yes No
.mn Mongolia Yes No
.mo Macao No No
.mp Northern Mariana Islands No No
.mq Martinique No No
.mr Mauritania Yes No
.ms Montserrat Yes No
.mt Malta No No
.mu Mauritius Yes No
.mv Maldives No No
.mw Malawi No No
.mx Mexico Yes No
.my Malaysia Yes Yes
.mz Mozambique No No
.na Namibia Yes No
.nc New Caledonia Yes No
.ne Niger No No
.nf Norfolk Island Yes No
.ng Nigeria Yes No
.ni Nicaragua No No
.nl Netherlands Yes No
.no Norway Yes Yes
.np Nepal No No
.nr Nauru No No
.nu Niue Yes Yes
.nz New Zealand Yes Yes
.om Oman No No
.pa Panama No No
.pe Peru Yes Yes
.pf French Polynesia No No
.pg Papua New Guinea Yes No
.ph Philippines Yes No
.pk Pakistan Yes No
.pl Poland Yes Yes
.pm Saint Pierre and Miquelon Yes Yes
.pn Pitcairn Islands No No
.pr Puerto Rico Yes No
.ps Palestinian Territories No No
.pt Portugal Yes Yes
.pw Palau Yes Yes
.py Paraguay Yes Yes
.qa Qatar No No
.re Réunion Yes Yes
.ro Romania Yes Yes
.rs Serbia Yes Yes
.ru Russia Yes No
.rw Rwanda Yes No
.sa Saudi Arabia Yes Yes
.sb Solomon Islands Yes No
.sc Seychelles Yes Yes
.sd Sudan No No
.se Sweden Yes Yes
.sg Singapore Yes No
.sh St. Helena Yes Yes
.si Slovenia Yes Yes
.sj Svalbard and Jan Mayen (not open for registration) Yes No
.sk Slovakia Yes No
.sl Sierra Leone No No
.sm San Marino No No
.sn Senegal Yes No
.so Somalia No No
.sr Suriname Yes No
.ss South Sudan Yes No
.st São Tomé and Príncipe No No
.su Former Soviet Union (still active; managed by RIPN) Yes Yes
.sv El Salvador No No
.sx Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Yes No
.sy Syria No No
.sz Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) No No
.tc Turks and Caicos Islands Yes No
.td Chad No No
.tf French Southern and Antarctic Lands Yes Yes
.tg Togo No No
.th Thailand Yes Yes
.tj Tajikistan No No
.tk Tokelau No No
.tl East Timor (formerly .tp) Yes No
.tm Turkmenistan Yes Yes
.tn Tunisia Yes Yes
.to Tonga No Yes
.tp East Timor (deleted – replaced by .tl; not delegated since 4 March 2015) No No
.tr Türkiye Yes Yes
.tt Trinidad and Tobago Yes No
.tv Tuvalu Yes Yes
.tw Taiwan Yes Yes
.tz Tanzania Yes No
.ua Ukraine Yes Yes
.ug Uganda Yes No
.uk United Kingdom Yes No
.um United States Minor Outlying Islands (not delegated since 2008; no public registration available) No No
.us United States Yes No
.uy Uruguay Yes No
.uz Uzbekistan Yes No
.va Vatican City No No
.vc St. Vincent and the Grenadines Yes No
.ve Venezuela Yes Yes
.vg British Virgin Islands No No
.vi U.S. Virgin Islands No No
.vn Vietnam Yes Yes
.vu Vanuatu Yes No
.wf Wallis and Futuna Yes Yes
.ws Samoa Yes Yes
.ye Yemen No No
.yt Mayotte (region of France) Yes Yes
.yu Yugoslavia (now deleted – after the dissolution, the TLD was used by Serbia and Montenegro until 2010) No No
.za South Africa Yes Yes
.zm Zambia Yes No
.zr Zaire (deleted – replaced by .cd after the country was renamed in 1997) No No
.zw Zimbabwe No No

What defines a ccTLD?

Country-specific domain extensions usually indicate the region or language area an online presence is intended for. Country-code top-level domains are always made up of two letters from the Latin alphabet.

The only exceptions are IDN ccTLDs (internationalised country-code top-level domains) used by some countries. In addition to the standard ccTLD, these countries have one or more variants of the same domain in a language that does not use the Latin alphabet. Sri Lanka is one example. Alongside the country code .lk, it also has the TLDs .ලංකා and .இலங்கை, which refer to the island nation in Sinhala and Tamil.

Alternative uses of ccTLDs

The counterpart to ccTLDs is generic top-level domains. These have a thematic rather than regional meaning, such as .com for commercial or business websites and .org for organisations, and can consist of more than two letters. However, some ccTLDs are used beyond their original country-specific purpose. Similar to gTLDs, they can help identify certain types of websites or give an online offering a thematic name. Wordplay with country-specific TLDs is also common. Examples include:

  • Last.fm: a music website that uses .fm, the country code of the Federated States of Micronesia. The abbreviation FM stands for ‘frequency modulation’ and is associated with FM broadcasting. The .fm ccTLD is therefore popular for radio, audio and podcast offerings on the internet.
  • Twitch.tv: a US-based live-streaming platform that uses .tv, the ccTLD of Tuvalu. The domain fits particularly well with video and streaming content.
  • About.me: this domain reads as ‘About me’ and uses Montenegro’s ccTLD. About.me is a personal profile platform allowing individuals to create a single-page online presence using the natural English phrase formed by the domain.

A special case among country-specific domain extensions is the .tk domain. For many years, .tk was one of the most registered domain extensions worldwide because registrations were offered free of charge — at its peak, it counted over 40 million registered domains. In March 2023, Meta sued Freenom for cybersquatting. ICANN subsequently terminated Freenom’s accreditation, and in February 2024 Freenom announced its exit from the domain business entirely. According to Domain Incite’s report of 23 July 2026, Freenom resumed offering paid .tk registrations.

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