What is a QR code?

QR codes store in­for­ma­tion and make it ac­ces­si­ble. QR stands for “quick response”, which makes sense, because a scan quickly calls up in­for­ma­tion and executes commands. Every camera, whether in a smart­phone or tablet, can read and process QR codes with a cor­re­spond­ing app.

QR codes are used wherever data must be un­der­stood quickly. They are found on tickets, vending machines, stamps, flyers, posters, and in many other places. Often, a URL is embedded within the code, which can be accessed using a QR code scanner app. A QR code can also contain text such as voucher codes or in­for­ma­tion that may speed up the ver­i­fi­ca­tion process during a ticket in­spec­tion, for example.

The most common functions include:

• URL: Opens a window in a browser
• vCard: Creates a new contact
• Geo-location: Shows a location in Google Maps
• Text: Shows static text
• Email: Sends an email with pre-made content
• SMS: Sends an SMS with pre-made content
• Wi-Fi: Connects you to a Wi-Fi network
• Bitcoin: Performs a crypto-currency transfer
• Twitter: Links to a Twitter profile or posts a ready-made tweet
• Facebook: Links to a Facebook page
• PDF: Downloads a stored PDF file
• MP3: Plays a stored MP3 file
• App Store: Opens the App Store and links to an app
• Picture: Pulls up a picture

In con­junc­tion with other apps, QR codes can be used with augmented reality tech­nolo­gies.

QR codes are designed to keep in­for­ma­tion legible even if they are partially destroyed or obscured. This is achieved by error cor­rec­tion. In other words, in­for­ma­tion is embedded multiple times. At the highest security level, the codes can be read even if up to a third of the code has become illegible. This makes QR codes very reliable as in­for­ma­tion carriers.

Digital fraud is a wide­spread issue and QR codes are not exempt. In the past, they have been cir­cu­lat­ed for fraud­u­lent purposes. Thus, it’s important that you ensure that your app shows what the code contains before it performs the function. This will help prevent that you access fake QR codes linking to malicious websites. Make sure that the web page is stored in the HTTPS protocol (i.e., begins with “https://”). Only open websites that you trust.

When creating the QR code, pay attention to whether you are gen­er­at­ing a static or dynamic QR code. In the case of a static QR code, changing the target URL will cause the code to stop working. With a dynamic QR code, you can flexibly adapt the target URL without the code losing its function. Many dynamic QR code providers request a fee.

The best QR code reader or scanner apps do not feature adverts, contain security features, and are easy to use. Many of them are available in the Google Play Store or the App Store. Below, we’ve put together a small selection of top choices for Android and iOS devices:

• QR Code Reader and Scanner (Kaspersky Lab): Kaspersky is a well-known provider of security software. Its QR code app meets the same high security standards and offers a preview of the code before the function is executed. This allows you to scan any QR code quickly and securely. The app does not show adverts.
• Barcode Scanner (ZXing Team): With the Barcode Scanner you can access and create QR codes, and even read product barcodes. As a scanner, the app rec­og­nizes the codes safely, quickly, and reliably. The app contains no adverts and provides a preview of the code.

• Pre­in­stalled camera app (Apple): As of iOS 11, the camera app can recognize and read QR codes from your iPhone or iPad. To do so, select the rear camera and scan the code as usual. A preview will be shown. The app does not feature any adverts.
• Scanbot (doo GmbH): Scanbot is a com­pre­hen­sive scanner app that scans documents and reads QR code. The app rec­og­nizes code easily and provides a preview. In addition, it is ad-free, and a pro version is available as a sub­scrip­tion service. QR codes can be scanned using the basic version.

Like any tech­nol­o­gy, QR codes have ad­van­tages and dis­ad­van­tages. As always, it comes down to how you use them and whether or not you’re adding value to the end-user. Make sure to work to the tech­nol­o­gy’s strengths and avoid the weak­ness­es.

QR codes simplify a wide range of processes. For example, you can open a product website by scanning the QR code in a product's supplied manual. You can also use the code to provide guests with password-free Wi-Fi access. It’s as simple as scanning a code using their smart­phone, and logging in as directed. This makes QR codes a worth­while al­ter­na­tive because they tend to be faster than re­triev­ing content manually. But without real added value, you might want to refrain from using QR codes.

There are endless ways in which QR codes can be used. With the right idea behind it, you can show off marketing materials in an in­ter­est­ing way and make digital content easily ac­ces­si­ble. It’s important to make the benefits clearly visible to the user. This could include exclusive content, faster access to content, and the op­por­tu­ni­ty to receive and share content quickly. If you can tick off these benefits, there’s little you can’t do.

The many options may tempt you to use QR codes even when they make little sense. In such cases, QR codes can quickly turn into a gimmick and users will not interact with the codes.

Fur­ther­more, a QR code must be placed in a static, sta­tion­ary location so that the graphic can be read. Placement on moving objects, such as a vehicle, makes scanning im­pos­si­ble.

Lastly, QR codes also have the potential for security risks. In public places, QR codes can be pasted over or otherwise ma­nip­u­lat­ed: Anyone scanning these codes runs the risk of being directed to a prob­lem­at­ic URL, and it’s difficult to tell at first glance whether or not you’ve being misled. Only once you come close up to the code can you see whether it’s been taped over.

Not all available scanning apps will show users the website linked to the code. Therefore, pay attention to where you’re being directed before you confirm this in the app. Also be careful with link short­en­ing such as bit.ly: This can disguise the target URL. Therefore, always consider whether the code is secure or not.

In some Asian counties, QR codes have become a part of everyday life. Whether it’s paying bills or receiving marketing goodies – every­thing’s possible. Following a big initial hype, QR codes have retreated to a niche existence in other parts of the world. But when they’re used ef­fec­tive­ly, stan­dard­ized processes like logging into a network can be sped up quite a bit. For marketing campaigns, too, the little squares can come in handy.

The security question for users is: Where does the code take me? Can I trust the provider? As a provider, make sure that you enter the des­ti­na­tion URL with the full address and tell users early on what the QR code is used for. As a user, it’s important to use only apps with a preview and don’t au­to­mat­i­cal­ly execute the code.