Git Cheat Sheet
IONOS editorial team4 mins
No matter whether you’ve just taken a first look at a Git tutorial or already have some experience in using the version control system, with a clear Git cheat sheet, you’ll always have all the Git commands and codes at a glance.
Version and installation
To check which version of Git is currently on your computer, use the following command:
git --versionIf you don’t find a version, you can download Git using the following links:
Git is open source and free of charge.
Configuration
You need a username and a valid email address to work with Git. Here’s how to configure both:
| Specify a name | git config --global user.name "your name" |
| Enter your email address | git config --global user.email "sampleaddress@sample.com" |
Create a repository
Create a new repository or download an existing repository.
| Create and name a new local repository | git init sample name |
| Copy an existing repository and its history with Git clone | git clone "http://samplesite.com" |
Make changes
You can make, track and add changes.
| Show the status of the directory | git status |
| Show objects | git show |
| Add a file | git add sample file |
| Add all files from a repository | git add* |
| Show all new or changed files with Git diff | git diff |
| Show any changes between the staging area and the repository | git diff --staged |
| Track changes after commit | git diff HEAD |
| Show differences between index and current stage | git reset sample file |
| Add currently indexed files permanently to the version history with Git commit | git commit -m "Explanations for the changes" |
Branches
Group changes into branches and integrate new features.
Create and edit
| Create a new branch | git branch sample name |
| List all branches | git branch --list |
| Delete a branch | git branch -d |
| Remove a remote branch | git push origin --delete |
| Rename a branch | git branch -m |
Switch branch
| Switch to another branch with Git checkout | git checkout other branch |
| Create a new branch and switch to it | git checkout -b |
Merge and fetch
| Merge history of a branch with the current branch | git merge sample name |
| Register external repository and swap history | git fetch "http://www.samplesite.com" |
| Fetch all branches | git fetch -all |
| Register a local repository | git fetch origin |
Cache
| Put current changes in your working directory into stash for later use with Git stash | git stash |
| Save changes with an explanation | git stash save "insert explanation here" |
| List stashes | git stash list |
| Make new changes to a stash | git stash apply |
| Track changes to the stash | git stash show |
| Apply and delete stash directly | git stash pop |
| Discard intermediate stashes | git stash drop |
| Delete all available stashes | git stash clear |
| Save to a separate branch | git stash branch sample branch |
| Integrate external branch with current local branch | git push "http://www.samplesite.com" local sample branch |
| Transfer data to the remote server | git push origin master |
| Force push | git push -f |
| Remove remote branch via push | git push origin --delete samplebranch |
| Pull history from external repository | git pull |
| Pull data from server | git pull origin master |
Log
You check the history of a commit with Git log.
| Show all commits for a branch | git log |
| Limit the number of commits (in this example to three) | git log -3 |
| Search commits from a specific author | git log --author= "sample name" |
| Show commits for a specific time period | git log <since>…<until> |
| Show commits for a specific file | git log sample file |
Revert changes
You have two options to revert changes — Git revert or Git reset. For the latter, you can choose between the options “soft”, “hard” and “mixed”.
| Modify existing commit | git commit --amend |
| Remove file from staging area | git reset HEAD samplefile or git restore --staged samplefile |
| Discard local changes to a file in the staging area | git checkout --samplefile oder git restore samplefile |
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