WordPress

For a long time now, the free CMS WordPress has been the premier blogging software. It’s simple really: those who run a blog, use WordPress. A com­par­i­son of the most popular CMSs of WordPress functions compared to other large content man­age­ment systems like TYPO3, Joomla!, or Drupal, however, shows that WordPress has sig­nif­i­cant­ly expanded its spectrum as a CMS. While it is still geared around the creation and man­age­ment of a weblog, the cus­tomiza­tion features offered on WordPress mean it can be used for com­pre­hen­sive business pages, news portals, and web stores.

WordPress has a modular structure, whereby the in­di­vid­ual modules are written in the script language PHP. A dis­tinc­tion has to be made between the core modules, which form the starting framework for the in­stal­la­tion of the software, and ad­di­tion­al modules (plug-ins, themes), which extend the CMS with new functions or layouts. WordPress provides a re­la­tion­al database man­age­ment system for data pro­cess­ing, whereby the de­vel­op­ers recommend the use of MySQL or MariaDB. Further in­for­ma­tion on the topic "What is WordPress?" can be found in our article on the most important WordPress terms.

Over the years, WordPress has developed into a true all-rounder CMS, which is also rec­om­mend­ed for beginners despite its sig­nif­i­cant­ly increased com­plex­i­ty. If you want to create a web ap­pli­ca­tion with WordPress, you do not need extensive knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Func­tion­al elements as well as design and content can be im­ple­ment­ed and adapted via the intuitive interface of the WordPress backend without having to write your own code. The CMS software generates this code au­to­mat­i­cal­ly in the back­ground.

Thanks to the in­te­grat­ed user man­age­ment, you can easily work together on projects: In­di­vid­u­al­ly definable user roles control which user has which rights in the backend and, for example, has free editing options or may only edit posts. WordPress even provides six pre-defined standard user roles to get you started:

• Super Ad­min­is­tra­tor: User has all rights and can make any changes (multisite projects such as mul­ti­lin­gual websites)
• Ad­min­is­tra­tor: User owns all rights and can make any changes (stand­alone WordPress sites)
• Editor: User can manage all contents of any WordPress page
• Author: Users can create, edit, delete and publish their own posts and upload files.
• Con­trib­u­tor: User can create, edit and delete posts
• Sub­scriber: Reg­is­tered users who can comment on posts and view their profile in the backend.

The WordPress focus is on being easy to use. Users don’t need ex­pe­ri­ence with PHP or HTML – this CMS offers useful options to help anybody create and edit their online presence. Some of the basic features include:

• A WYSIWYG editor for writing articles that is quite similar to a text-writing programs like Microsoft Word.
• The WordPress Media Library for embedding images, videos, and audio files easily.
• DFour different roles (ad­min­is­tra­tor, editor, author, con­trib­u­tor, etc.) for creating and editing content.
• The option for site visitors to create their own account in order to get access rights to certain parts of the site (e.g. only reg­is­tered users are allowed to comment on posts).
• A tool allowing website users to subscribe to posts on their newsfeeds.
• A re­spon­sive design for both the front end (site visitors) and back end (page editors) of the WordPress site.

While the listed features are already available in the standard in­stal­la­tion of the content man­age­ment system, WordPress can be extended as mentioned. A dis­tinc­tion has to be made between plug-ins and themes. While the former add ad­di­tion­al func­tion­al elements to the CMS, the latter change the layout and the ap­pear­ance of the front or back end of your WordPress project.

By com­par­i­son with other CMSs, WordPress offers a huge number of add-ons, mostly thanks to its sub­stan­tial community. There are already more than 40,000 ex­ten­sions, with figures rising. The following is a list of some of the best and most coveted plugins, which can be down­loaded for free from the official WordPress site:

• Jetpack: this helpful extension gives access to over 30 different tools for op­ti­miz­ing a WordPress page and sim­pli­fy­ing admin tasks. Among other features, Jetpack displays visitor sta­tis­tics and gives tips for in­creas­ing site traffic.

• Wordfence Security: even the standard version of WordPress is seen as a very secure CMS, but this add-on further protects sites from hacking and malware.

• WP-DB-Backup: this tool creates a quick and easy backup of your database.

• NextGen Gallery: this extension allows you to manage photos, create galleries, and add digital wa­ter­marks to photos and graphics.

• WooCom­merce: this online trading plugin offers users a wide range of ways to implement a web shop with WordPress.

Even the free WordPress format is quite well-equipped when it comes to search engine op­ti­miza­tion (SEO). But the following ex­ten­sions improve the ranking of a WordPress site further still:

• Yoast SEO: this complete SEO package has been popular for years. It features tools for page analysis, op­ti­miz­ing meta and link elements, social media in­te­gra­tion, and much more.
• All-in-One SEO Pack: another plugin that combines many SEO features, this extension can also be combined with the afore­men­tioned WooCom­merce add-on.
• Google XML Sitemaps: this tool creates sitemaps to your website that search engines can index more ef­fi­cient­ly.
• W3 Total Cache: this very complex plugin optimizes site per­for­mance.
• Broken Link Checker: this extension analyzes your website for broken links and suggests ap­pro­pri­ate action.

In addition to the numerous plugins available, WordPress has a large number of WordPress themes on offer. Themes – also known as skins or templates – determine the design of a website. Choosing a theme also helps highlight one par­tic­u­lar website function. This means you can adjust your WordPress site to specific re­quire­ments. If you want to make your website ac­ces­si­ble, then selecting the right theme is crucial.

New themes (some free and some subject to a cost) can be down­loaded from the official WordPress website. Further design ideas can be found on GitHub. The largest col­lec­tion of WordPress themes is available from The­me­for­est, with over 6,000 different themes at a range of different prices.  

Un­for­tu­nate­ly, the vast col­lec­tion of themes and plugins poses certain security risks. Not every extension is produced by pro­fes­sion­al de­vel­op­ers. In some instances, they are poorly main­tained and missing necessary updates. Since this can quickly lead to security gaps, it is important to update your ex­ten­sions regularly to protect your system.

WordPress makes it as easy as possible for users in many ways. This starts with the in­stal­la­tion, which only takes a few minutes. Before that, however, it is necessary to have all the pre­req­ui­sites, whereby the re­quire­ments for software and hardware are very low: First of all, you need the web space on which you will host and manage the CMS and the content of your web project. Here you should provide enough memory and computing resources (RAM, CPU) to ensure the smooth live operation of the website. If the website is to be available online, you also need a suitable domain address, which you link to your WordPress project during in­stal­la­tion or setup.

Other mandatory software besides the WordPress CMS, which you can download directly from the official website, are current versions of PHP and MySQL (or MariaDB) as well as a web server that supports them. According to the de­vel­op­ment team, Apache and NGINX are the most robust and powerful servers for WordPress operation, which is why you should def­i­nite­ly prefer one of the two solutions. Once you have the web server of your choice up and running, you can install WordPress on your web space via FTP (Local in­stal­la­tion is of course also possible). Then set up the CMS step-by-step according to your ideas and needs.

As with any website, you also need to decide where to host it. Hosting on your own server or locally on your own computer (for test purposes) has already been mentioned briefly. In this case you have maximum control over your data, but you also have to take care of the setup and main­te­nance of all hardware and software yourself. Hosting on your own is therefore rec­om­mend­ed for more ex­pe­ri­enced users who are familiar with server operation and have the necessary resources.

The al­ter­na­tive to self-arranged hosting is to rent a hosting en­vi­ron­ment from a provider. If you choose this option, you do not have to worry about setting up or main­tain­ing the server. In addition, most hosting providers offer ready-to-use in­stal­la­tion packages for the most important web ap­pli­ca­tions, which can be used to install CMS such as WordPress including web server and database with just a few clicks. You can also have managed hosting with IONOS - including bonus services such as domain address, e-mail inboxes, SSL cer­tifi­cate, and 24-hour support.

The WordPress developer Au­tomat­tic also offers its own managed hosting service. To use this service, register on wordpress.com. During the reg­is­tra­tion process, you have the choice between:

• free use of the software (very limited func­tion­al­i­ty, little web space; your site is a subdomain of WordPress, e.g. website-xyz.wordpress.com)
• and several fee-based variants (with an own domain, many ad­di­tion­al functions and a higher storage capacity).

The variety of plug-ins is one of WordPress’ greatest strengths - but due to the already mentioned security risks due to outdated or faulty ex­ten­sions, it is not always ad­van­ta­geous. Further short­com­ings include the limited pos­si­bil­i­ties of user and rights dis­tri­b­u­tion and that it’s quite com­pli­cat­ed to implement a mul­ti­lin­gual website. The missing functions can be added with ex­ten­sions, but when im­ple­ment­ing very complex websites, you usually have to change many plug-in settings - one of the main dis­ad­van­tages of WordPress.

Overall, however, the strengths outweigh the dis­ad­van­tages – there’s obviously a reason that WordPress holds its leading position compared to the com­pe­ti­tion: In­ter­na­tion­al­ly, it is by far the most widely used CMS. If you use WordPress as your CMS, you will benefit from its pop­u­lar­i­ty since the large community not only provides an immense supply of plug-ins and themes, but also quickly helps you with questions and dif­fi­cul­ties. You also benefit from regular system updates. And if you ever need pro­fes­sion­al help, you can take advantage of the support of various external service providers who spe­cial­ize in WordPress support.

Another big advantage of the CMS market leader is its easy operation - es­pe­cial­ly for beginners. With the WYSIWYG editor, drag-and-drop operation, a practical media library, and other useful functions, you can achieve sig­nif­i­cant web design results even without HTML knowledge.