How to send emails easily with PHPMailer

PHPMailer is a program library that regulates email transfer through PHP. PHPMailer is mainly used for contact forms on websites, but it also can be used to send private emails.

What is PHPMailer?

PHPMailer is a mail extension for PHP, which is developed and main­tained by the PHP community. Emails sent using PHPMailer are less likely to end up in a spam folder than those sent with the built-in mail function from PHP. This is because mails that are written with PHPMailer are sent using SMTP. SMTP stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and is used to transfer emails over the internet. In addition, PHPMailer also supports HTML mails and at­tach­ments, unlike the built-in mail function.

What is PHPMailer used for?

PHPMailer is a bit more tedious to use when compared to other email providers or in­te­grat­ed mail programs on your computer, which might leave you wondering why people choose to use it. The PHP framework sim­pli­fies creating automated responses, such as those needed for a web store. Ad­di­tion­al­ly, PHPMailer is also suitable for contact forms on websites.

What are the re­quire­ments for PHPMailer?

You need an SMTP server to use PHPMailer. It’s up to you whether you use a mail server from a provider or set up your own server. It’s best to use Composer (a package manager for PHP) to install the PHP extension.

How to install PHPMailer step by step

Step 1: Download current version of PHPMailer

Download the latest version of PHPMailer. You can do this with Composer or manually from GitHub.

Option 1: Download using Composer

If you have installed the package manager Composer,you can simply use this command:

composer require phpmailer/phpmailer

Important: If you installed PHPMailer with Composer, you must include Composer in your PHP code in order to send mails.

The following line of code can be used:

require_once "vendor/autoload.php";

The keyword “require_once” ensures that Composer is only included once. Otherwise, you may encounter program errors. The in­stal­la­tion using Composer is now complete.

Option 2: Download directly from GitHub

The PHPMailer source files can also be down­loaded manually by clicking on the Code button in the cor­re­spond­ing GitHub repos­i­to­ry and down­load­ing the ZIP file. If Git is installed on your system, you can al­ter­na­tive­ly clone the repos­i­to­ry using a command-line command.

Step 2: Unzip files

If you down­loaded PHPMailer’s source code manually, you have to open the ZIP files. Select the location where you want to install PHPMailer and include PHPMailer in your script. Assuming you have unpacked the PHPMailer files in a folder called PHPMailer, you can use the following lines of code:

use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;
/*Class for handling exceptions and errors*/
require 'C:/PHPMailer/src/Exception.php';
/*PHPMailer class*/
require 'C:/PHPMailer/src/PHPMailer.php';
/*SMTP class needed to connect to an SMTP server*/.
require 'C:/PHPMailer/src/SMTP.php';
/*When creating a PHPMailer object, pass the parameter “true” to activate exceptions (messages in the event of an error)*/
$email = new PHPMailer(true);

How to send emails with PHPMailer step by step

Step 1: Include name­spaces

Ensure the name­spaces are correct in order to access PHPMailer. Use state­ments are required for this, so your code should contain the following lines:

<?php
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;

You can access the in­di­vid­ual classes by including the names after the last slash.

Step 2: Catch errors

While PHPMailer is a very reliable way to send emails, errors can occur from time to time. Including a try catch statement in an email dispatch will prevent sensitive data on your mail server from being sent to users as an error message:

try {
    // Try to create a new instance of PHPMailer class, where exceptions are enabled
    $mail = new PHPMailer (true);
// (...)
} catch (Exception $e) {
        echo "Mailer Error: ".$e->getMessage();
}

Step 3: Au­then­ti­cate with SMTP

You must au­then­ti­cate yourself with SMTP to use PHPMailer. Enter the address of your mail server next to the ap­pro­pri­ate protocol (either TLS/SSL or SMTP) and include the port with your username and password. The protocol and port you use depend on your mail provider. The re­spec­tive server data can be retrieved from the mail provider’s website.

$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->SMTPAuth = true;
// Personal data
$mail->host = "smtp.domain.com";
$mail->Port = 587;
$mail->username = "name.surname@domain.com";
$mail->password = "testpassword4321";
$mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS;

In place of ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS, you can also use ENCRYPTION_SMTPS as the en­cryp­tion method. With ENCRYPTION_SMTPS, a con­nec­tion is only es­tab­lished if TLS TLS is active. This means that com­mu­ni­ca­tion with a server is only possible if the server supports the en­cryp­tion measures required for secure trans­mis­sion. With StartTLS,the con­nec­tion to the mail server is es­tab­lished without en­cryp­tion. Only afterward is en­cryp­tion applied. If it’s not possible to apply TLS en­cryp­tion, the remaining data exchange will occur un­en­crypt­ed.

SMTPS offers a higher level of security, while StartTLS hasbetter com­pat­i­bil­i­ty. Because of its com­pat­i­bil­i­ty, StartTLS is generally the preferred choice.

Step 4: State the recipient of the email

Now you can designate the re­cip­i­ents of your email in the script.

// Sender
$mail->setFrom('info@example.com', 'name');
// Recipient, the name can also be stated
$mail->addAddress('info@example.com', 'name');
// Copy
$mail->addCC('info@example.com');
// Blind copy
$mail->addBCC('info@example.com', 'name');

Step 5: Add the contents of the mail

Don’t forget the contents of your email. This usually consists of a subject and a text, which can be specified as both HTML and non-HTML versions. It’s important to note that older software may not be able to handle the current HTML5 standard, so it may be a good idea to create your email using HTML.

You can also easily send at­tach­ments with PHPMailer using the ad­dAt­tach­ment function. Images, music, documents, videos and GIFs can also be sent with PHPMailer. You can also rename your at­tach­ments with an optional second parameter which is trans­ferred to the function.

$mail->isHTML(true);
// Subject
$mail->Subject = 'The subject of your mail';
// HTML content
$mail->Body = 'The mail text as HTML content. <b>bold</b> elements are allowed.';
$mail->AltBody = 'The text as a simple text element';
// Add attachment
$mail-> addAttachment("/home/user/Desktop/sampleimage.png", "sampleimage.png");

Step 6: Use the correct character encoding

It’s a good idea to enable UTF-8 in PHPMailer to prevent display errors from occurring when pro­cess­ingaccented letters from other languages, es­pe­cial­ly when using different at­tach­ments. You can do this by adding the following lines of code to your PHP script:

$mail->CharSet = 'UTF-8';
$mail->Encoding = 'base64';

Step 7: Send email

Now, it’s time to send your email. Use the following command to do this:

$mail->send();

It’s best to place all of the code shown in the send request in the try statement block of your script so you can catch any errors.

Code example for sending an email with PHPMailer

Below is all the code you need to send an email with con­tain­ing an image at­tach­ment to a recipient of your choice using PHPMailer:

<?php
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\PHPMailer;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\SMTP;
use PHPMailer\PHPMailer\Exception;
require_once "vendor/autoload.php";
// Enable or disable exceptions via variable
$debug = true;
try {
    // Create instance of PHPMailer class
    $mail = new PHPMailer($debug);
     if ($debug) {
         // issue a detailed log
        $mail->SMTPDebug = SMTP::DEBUG_SERVER; 
    }
    // Authentication with SMTP
    $mail-> isSMTP();
    $mail->SMTPAuth = true;
    // Login
    $mail->Host = "smtp.domain.com";
    $mail->Port = 587;
    $mail->Username = "name.surname@domain.com";
    $mail->Password = "testpassword4321";
    $mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS;
    $mail->setFrom('info@example.com', 'name');
    $mail->addAddress('info@example.com', 'name');
    $mail-> addAttachment("/home/user/Desktop/sampleimage.png", "sampleimage.png");
    $mail->CharSet = 'UTF-8';
    $mail->Encoding = 'base64';
    $mail->isHTML(true);
    $mail->Subject = 'The subject of your mail';
    $mail->Body = 'The mail text in HTML content. <b>bold</b> elements are allowed.';
    $mail->AltBody = 'The text as a simple text element';
    $mail->send();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo "Message could not be sent. Mailer Error: ".$e->getMessage();
}